APA: In-text Citations

Use in-text citations anytime you:

• Quote 
• Paraphrase
• Provide statistics
• Provide little known facts

When you do not use in-text citations where and when they are needed, you may be committing plagiarism!

"APA Style uses the author–date citation system, in which a brief in-text citation directs readers to a full reference list entry. The in-text citation appears within the body of the paper (or in a table, figure, footnote, or appendix) and briefly identifies the cited work by its author and date of publication. This enables readers to locate the corresponding entry in the alphabetical reference list at the end of the paper.

Each work cited must appear in the reference list, and each work in the reference list must be cited in the text (or in a table, figure, footnote, or appendix)."  (American Psychology Association, 2019)

See the APA Style Guide and the TTL Guide for more information.

"Regardless of the medium of the source, all sources with three authors or more are now attributed using the name of the first author followed by “et al.”

• The only exception to this occurs when doing so would create ambiguity (e.g., if two papers have first-listed authors with the same name). In these cases, list as many names as needed to differentiate the papers, followed by “et al.”
  • Example: Fannon, Chan, Ramirez, Johnson, and Grimsdottir (2019) and Fannon, Chan, Montego, Daniels, and Miller (2019) can be cited as (Fannon, Chan, Ramirez, et al., 2019) and (Fannon, Chan, Montego, et al., 2019), respectively." (Purdue Owl, 2020)

For more information visit the Purdue Owl